Why Do You Eat Animals?

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Coeus Amphiaraus
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Re: Why Do You Eat Animals?

Post by Coeus Amphiaraus »

thebestofenergy wrote: True, evolution allows for survival, but it's also true that evolving in a certain environment over millions of years makes it 'your home'; if you adapt to it, there's nothing uncomfortable or miserable. Like Humane Hominid said in his post, yes, thousands of animals are currently being eaten in the wild, while millions are having a pleasent time. You don't have to look at the negative side only. But why would this matter with farmed animals? They wouldn't be able to be released in the wild.
The adaptations organisms make allow them to survive, they do not grant them pleasure from it. Pleasure is only a side product to encourage certain behaviour. The fact that the species has lived there for a long time, doesn't mean that specific place automatically becomes comfortable.
thebestofenergy wrote: They also make them have babies when the owner wants and steal them, they have restrictions where they can go and most important they kill them prematurely. They are not free, and they definitely don't give the consent to kill them. I wouldn't like to be born with the day of my execution already planned.
There are of course negative aspects, yes; there are in every conceivable scenario. But as long as the benefits outweigh the downsides, it should be fine.
thebestofenergy wrote: By not comsuming animal products you don't support the meat and dairy industry that you would otherwise support, while you support vegan products. Is that not a difference? Besides, buying from farms that treat animals 'well' you don't support the cut from meat comsumption of your theory.
You support the vegan products, yes. But you also give the meat industry no incentive to change their ways. They just make slightly less profit. But they are given no reason to actually treat the animals better.
Humane Hominid wrote: But seriously, this statement betrays such an ignorance of evolutionary theory, it's not even wrong. Pleasure and survival are not opposing outcomes. Pleasure promotes survival by adapting organisms to enjoy (and thus seek out) behaviors and resources that enhance their fitness. Animals evolved pleasure hormones for a reason, you know.
You're right; I phrased that extremely poorly. I hoped that it would be slightly more clear in the context of what I was responding to, but I shall phrase it more clearly.
"Evolution allows for adaptation to increase the likelihood of survival in a surrounding. Pleasure is only a mechanism to encourage behaviours and would not make an environment extra comfortable."

Incidentally, you clearly haven't got the faintest clue what 'not even wrong means'. It's an expression by theoretical physicist Wolfgang Pauli, who used the expression to indicate ideas that were unverifiable and unfalsifiable. It doesn't apply to this.
Humane Hominid
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Re: Why Do You Eat Animals?

Post by Humane Hominid »

Coeus Amphiaraus wrote:Incidentally, you clearly haven't got the faintest clue what 'not even wrong means'. It's an expression by theoretical physicist Wolfgang Pauli, who used the expression to indicate ideas that were unverifiable and unfalsifiable. It doesn't apply to this.
That's only a formalized frame put upon the idea in subsequent years. I was using it in the less formal sense outlined by RationalWiki: "The phrase implies that not only is someone not making a valid point in a discussion, but they don't even understand the nature of the discussion itself, or the things that need to be understood in order to participate. "

Take your most recent comments about evolution and pleasure, for instance:
The adaptations organisms make allow them to survive, they do not grant them pleasure from it. Pleasure is only a side product to encourage certain behaviour.
and
"Evolution allows for adaptation to increase the likelihood of survival in a surrounding. Pleasure is only a mechanism to encourage behaviours and would not make an environment extra comfortable."
Both of these misunderstand evolutionary theory in some pretty fundamental ways, and thus don't contribute anything useful to the discussion.

The first quote is patently absurd. The medial forebrain bundle -- seat of the brain's reward system and the physiological source of all feelings of pleasure -- is homologous in terrestrial vertebrates (that is, conserved across taxa over evolutionary time because of its usefulness in maximizing fitness), and has simpler homologs in the oxytocin pathways of basal vertebrates (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924577/). Animals engaging in adaptive behaviors that trigger these pathways absolutely do receive pleasure from them. That's the only function of the trait.

Your first statement also ignores (along with the second) the role of positive selection pressures. Natural selection is not just the elimination of traits that fail to enhance fitness. It's also the development and conservation of traits which tend to maximize fitness. The biochemistry of pleasure has been conserved across hundreds of millions of years, and even improved upon and made more complex over that time. External stimuli do play a role here. Animals pursue their conserved, evolutionarily-useful behavior of pleasure-seeking, and are rewarded for it by fitness-promoting stimuli in their environment. This would include not only sexual pleasure and community bonding rituals with others of their kind, but also physical aspects of the habitat itself, such as food, fresh water, and attractive displays for those who evolved color vision.

In short, it is biologically absurd to claim that animals are not granted pleasure by their adaptations, or that their habitats are not in many ways comfortable and enjoyable to them. Among populations of animals with brains and emotions (which is likely most animals, and certainly all known vertebrates), nature positively selects (that is, conserves and continues to modify) pleasure-seeking behavior by rewarding that behavior with pleasurable stimuli that maximize that popluation's fitness.

Further, prey populations outnumber predator populations by a very large margin, thanks to the thermodynamic constraints of ecology. (http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globa ... phic2.html) This link was included in my original blog post, but I have a feeling you didn't even bother opening it, let alone reading it.

Do so now. You should pretty quickly understand that predation is not a terribly efficient transfer of energy, and that predator populations will always be low compared to prey populations. And that predation as an activity is costly to the predatory organism itself, usually with low reward. In one study of eight prairie dog colonies, for instance, only about 3 percent of predator hunts were successful (http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/~jlv29/Publi ... hikoff.pdf). The predation rate on savannah antelope is generally estimated at between 6 and 10 percent. Read another way, this means that an individual prairie dog's chances of avoiding death by predator are about 97 percent, and individual savannah antelope have between and 90 to 94 percent chance of avoiding predators. You will find similar statistics in most studies of other wild prey populations; a majority of wild animals never become prey. Many never even encounter a predator.

Within this context, the bulk of a given wild animal's daily activities are spent in pleasure-seeking behaviors, including food acquisition, sleep, shelter, companionship and social bonding, play behaviors, and non-procreative sex (there are many species in which the bulk of sexual behavior is non-procreative), among others. This makes sense in an evolutionary context, because all of these behaviors reinforce either survival or reproductive fitness in some way, and would thus be both positively selected for by nature, and rewarded with stimuli in the habitat that further encourages pleasure-seeking.

Now, compare all this to the life of the average farmed animal. It should be clear that a wild life is far preferable to a captive one, and not just for factory-farmed animals. Even on "nice" farms, every member of the population -- or at least the sizable majority of them -- become victims of human predation, whereas in the wild, most of them would not. Because most of them are either killed in full sight of their fellows, or removed from their community and family with great disruption for killing elsewhere -- and because the majority of them are killed quite young -- stressful events that induce dysfunctional behaviors or learned helplessness are far more common in captive populations than in wild ones.

It's fairly uncontroversial to say that pleasure is at least as adaptive as pain. This notion you seem to be implying, that wild life is all business and fear and no fun at all for animals, really doesn't stand up to scrutiny, and your reliance on it as a justification indicates that you haven't thought too deeply about these issues. Indeed, it looks like you are just waving "evolution" around as a convenient shibboleth.

Evolution promotes and maximizes pleasure in animals. It is not an incidental by-product.
Last edited by Humane Hominid on Mon Jun 23, 2014 1:34 am, edited 1 time in total.
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thebestofenergy
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Re: Why Do You Eat Animals?

Post by thebestofenergy »

Coeus Amphiaraus wrote:There are of course negative aspects, yes; there are in every conceivable scenario. But as long as the benefits outweigh the downsides, it should be fine.
I don't think that the negative sides I pointed out are outweighed by benefits at all.
Coeus Amphiaraus wrote:You support the vegan products, yes. But you also give the meat industry no incentive to change their ways. They just make slightly less profit. But they are given no reason to actually treat the animals better.
It's called boycott, just like some do with Coca Cola. You don't aim to change the company, you aim to put it out of business, or atleast you don't support it.
Also, the fact that you incentive the meat and dairy industry to go free range, it's not entirely true. As things are right now, the meat industry can't change to an expensive way where animals have nice lives, even if everyone started buying from it. There's a very high demand for animal products, it'd be impossible to satisfy the demand of billions of customers by giving animals the space to roam and the possibility to live a long life. And free range doesn't support a heavy cut back on animal products.
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brimstoneSalad
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Re: Why Do You Eat Animals?

Post by brimstoneSalad »

thebestofenergy wrote: It's called boycott, just like some do with Coca Cola. You don't aim to change the company, you aim to put it out of business, or atleast you don't support it.
Eh... not quite Energy. They're similar, sure, but subtly distinct. A boycott is usually a shorter term thing which is generally conditional contingent on certain demands, and crucially is highly organized and broadly participated in.

Veganism is a form of moral purchasing; complete abstention from a product or industry probably isn't really a boycott proper- and neither really is any individual effort where the person is choosing the most ethical product without clearly communicating demands to the producers.

Boycotts can be stronger than complete abstention in some cases, because if they are large enough they can force an industry to change its practices, rather than just reducing the scale of the industry slowly- but both are effective.
The difference is that a boycott (if done right) can change the behavior of the producers who are supplying even people who don't care about that behavior.

Proper boycotts are pretty rare. The CocaCola thing is a call for a boycott, because it has a specific demand, and if met the participants would hypothetically resume buying and drinking Coke- however, it's probably not big enough to register on Coke's radar.

thebestofenergy wrote: Also, the fact that you incentive the meat and dairy industry to go free range, it's not entirely true. As things are right now, the meat industry can't change to an expensive way where animals have nice lives, even if everyone started buying from it. There's a very high demand for animal products, it'd be impossible to satisfy the demand of billions of customers by giving animals the space to roam and the possibility to live a long life. And free range doesn't support a heavy cut back on animal products.
The only way his position would work is if he actually bought exclusively from the farms providing that kind of treatment, and reduced his consumption to a level sustainable at a national scale from those farms.

Neither of which he actually does.

I called Coeus Amphiaraus out for being a hypocrite, and gave him the opportunity to defend his claims- you may notice a decided silence on his part. He ignored my post because I'm right.
Because he's a hypocrite and a liar. He has no interest in being rational. If he did, he'd put up, and live up to his own standards before claiming that his behavior is justified because of standards he doesn't practice.

I'd love to talk with an honest and rational meat eater who does actually abstain from factory farmed meat and purchases only from sources he or she knows live up to his or her own standards, eating only a sustainable amount.
That would be an interesting conversation, and somebody who, while we may disagree on some points, I could have some respect for. I knew a guy like that once who was a hunter and small farmer- we disagreed, but there was some respect there.

As it stands, the likes of Ken Ham are more rational and intellectually honest than this guy. Hypocrites disgust me.

Coeus Amphiaraus: If you have even a shred of intellectual honesty buried somewhere deep inside you, go and actually live up to your own values for a single month, then come back and talk about your justification. I'll pay you the respect you've earned by renouncing hypocrisy and being honest for once, and then we can have a real conversation.
Humane Hominid
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Re: Why Do You Eat Animals?

Post by Humane Hominid »

brimstoneSalad wrote:The only way his position would work is if he actually bought exclusively from the farms providing that kind of treatment, and reduced his consumption to a level sustainable at a national scale from those farms.

Neither of which he actually does.

I called Coeus Amphiaraus out for being a hypocrite, and gave him the opportunity to defend his claims- you may notice a decided silence on his part. He ignored my post because I'm right.
Because he's a hypocrite and a liar. He has no interest in being rational. If he did, he'd put up, and live up to his own standards before claiming that his behavior is justified because of standards he doesn't practice.

I'd love to talk with an honest and rational meat eater who does actually abstain from factory farmed meat and purchases only from sources he or she knows live up to his or her own standards, eating only a sustainable amount.
That would be an interesting conversation, and somebody who, while we may disagree on some points, I could have some respect for. I knew a guy like that once who was a hunter and small farmer- we disagreed, but there was some respect there.

As it stands, the likes of Ken Ham are more rational and intellectually honest than this guy. Hypocrites disgust me.

Coeus Amphiaraus: If you have even a shred of intellectual honesty buried somewhere deep inside you, go and actually live up to your own values for a single month, then come back and talk about your justification. I'll pay you the respect you've earned by renouncing hypocrisy and being honest for once, and then we can have a real conversation.
I think you nailed this one, and I'm glad you brought this challenge forth. I often forget that most people who make his argument don't actually adhere to the ethics they're espousing, and just use them as an excuse to keep on eating factory-farmed animals with impunity.

If he responds to me further, I won't engage him on any point until he answers this challenge.
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brimstoneSalad
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Re: Why Do You Eat Animals?

Post by brimstoneSalad »

Humane Hominid wrote:I think you nailed this one, and I'm glad you brought this challenge forth. I often forget that most people who make his argument don't actually adhere to the ethics they're espousing, and just use them as an excuse to keep on eating factory-farmed animals with impunity.
Yes, it's definitely a logical fallacy that's at the core of his reasoning. I just don't have much patience for people who are that dishonest.
If somebody is going to take a discussion seriously, I can respect that, but I also expect them to live up to certain standards of intellectual honesty in the process.

A pedophile can't make the excuse "but in Angola the age of consent is 12", if he's not IN Angola, and the same is the case here.

I'm just not quite sure what to call it.

Is this just a general non sequitur?
Is it a red herring?
A composition/division, or a genetic fallacy?
Maybe Continuum fallacy?

"13-year-olds can have sex with 12-year-olds, therefore pedophilia isn't a real thing and doesn't exist"

That's probably closer to what he's doing.

http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Continuum_fallacy

Bingo.

That may help explain to said idiots precisely why and how they are idiots.

They are making the unspoken assumption that because there is a continuum between brutal factory farming, and their vision of the family farm 'utopia' where animals are beloved members of the family until they are killed painlessly, that they're really the same thing and all meat can be justified if they can justify eating meat from the latter supposedly utopian example.

They may or may not use a fundamental misunderstanding of economics to attempt to rationalize this fallacy to themselves and others.

"we're helping the animals by gently encouraging the factory farms, by buying their products and supporting them no matter what... because by giving animal agriculture unconditional support the executives will have the freedom to change their business practices to a less profitable form for the animals by their own volition"

What fallacy is that I don't even...

The number of levels on which the whole thing is irrational, and flagrantly ignorant is almost beyond comprehension.

They think economics works by paying money for something, and quietly willing it to change.
Like the psychic imprint of their good intentions is carried on the money, and will positively influence whoever takes the money.
Or even more idiotically, they think money, and companies, can hear them and are interested in what they have to say, and that economics works by paying money for something and talking about wanting it to change. Maybe they'll even sign an online petition.

No. ONLY money talks. Currency is the only language of capitalism that has any meaning. If somebody won't pay for something, then it doesn't matter.
Economics works by NOT paying money to things you don't want, and instead paying money to things you DO want. If you want something, and you're willing to pay the market rate for it, somebody WILL sell it to you.

So much stupid, so few words... I can't.
Humane Hominid wrote:If he responds to me further, I won't engage him on any point until he answers this challenge.
I would even humor him if he admitted that his current behavior IS unjustifiable, and that he was trying to decide between either:

A. going vegan, or
B. quitting factory farmed meat entirely and buying exclusively from free-range local grass fed farms where he can personally verify the treatment of the animals meets his standards, and scaling back his meat consumption to something sustainable at that level.

And that he wanted to know if we had any good arguments to convince him to do A instead of B.
That's a discussion with a rational person worth having.
GPC100s
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Re: Why Do You Eat Animals?

Post by GPC100s »

Hello, I'm new and I wanted to say what my reason for eating meat was; not to spark a vicious debate but to actually ask for help...

I tried to be vegan once before but I was in great pain during that time. The pain was kinda external but not the surface of my skin, like whenever I put pressure on my body (for example standing on my feet, even in my shoes). It seems sensible to me to say that it was collagen production that my body was having trouble with, but I'm no nutritionist so I'm open to suggestions... Since collagen is created from lysine and proline (proteins) with vitamin C as a catalyst, I tried many vegan options including beans (idk what kind), soybeans, soynuts, peanuts, almonds, walnuts, various grains (not quinoa, idk where to get that stuff lol), and various vegetables, even mixing them to see if that worked but none relieved my pains (obviously I kept my vitamin C intake constant throughout). So then I went to vegetarian sources such as whey protein powder, milk, yogurt, various cheeses, and eggs; but still no change... But meat (even with less protein grams compared to my vegan/vegetarian trials) relieved my pains within a few days of intake so that's why I eat meat now.

TheVeganAtheist might find this familiar because I've spoken to him about it in the comments of one of his videos awhile ago and he said it might be an allergy to something, but that's clearly not the case because including meat on top of any of those vegan foods relieves me of pain too... Kind of a silly thing to say but he said he was tired of my moral argument so maybe he didn't give it much thought, no biggie. If anyone can figure out what my problem is then great, otherwise I guess I'm an omnivore by necessity.

And here's my moral argument for your debating pleasure, not that it's an important reason for me for eating meat due to my suspected condition, I just think it's well thought out and worth hearing:

-I think all beings derive their moral worth from their perceptions. Vegans like to talk about sentience but I'm not gonna pretend to know what you guys mean by it; when I read the dictionary definition, it sounds like a synonym for perception.
-A being that cannot perceive pain, by definition, cannot care if I were to inflict pain upon them (or perform actions that would normally inflict pain such as pinching).
-A being that cannot perceive the existence of it's future, by definition, cannot care about it's future.
-The end of one's future is called death.
-Death can occur without pain.
-Animals such as cows and chickens have never been shown to plan for the future, according to my knowledge, which I think is our only measure in determining their perception of their potential future.
-Other animals have been shown to plan for the future through scientific tests, so we do have methods.
-And finally, much like god claims, I treat lack of evidence as a good indicator of no evidence until evidence can be found.

If you agree with every bullet point, then our conclusion should be the same: it's not wrong to kill some animals. Otherwise feel free to tell me why I'm wrong.
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TheVeganAtheist
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Re: Why Do You Eat Animals?

Post by TheVeganAtheist »

The pain was kinda external but not the surface of my skin, like whenever I put pressure on my body (for example standing on my feet, even in my shoes). It seems sensible to me to say that it was collagen production that my body was having trouble with, but I'm no nutritionist so I'm open to suggestions...
Seek professional help. Im not aware that anyone on this forum is a nutritionist or doctor, so all we can do is speculate.
I've spoken to him about it in the comments of one of his videos awhile ago and he said it might be an allergy to something, but that's clearly not the case because including meat on top of any of those vegan foods relieves me of pain too... Kind of a silly thing to say but he said he was tired of my moral argument so maybe he didn't give it much thought, no biggie
Why would it be silly to say? When did I ever say I was tired of your moral argument? That does not sound like something I would say.
I think all beings derive their moral worth from their perceptions.
This sounds non-sensical. Sounds like a deepity.
A being that cannot perceive pain, by definition, cannot care if I were to inflict pain upon them (or perform actions that would normally inflict pain such as pinching).
- true, however animals DO feel pain.
A being that cannot perceive the existence of it's future, by definition, cannot care about it's future.
- true, but it cares about its present state.
The end of one's future is called death.
- pointless definition as it does not further your argument.
Death can occur without pain.
- true, but suffering is not limited to only the individual and can also be emotional pain (sense of loss) felt by others in the animal's community. If someone would kill your brother, you would be in pain, without having actually been physically attached yourself. You would feel the pain of loosing someone important to you. We know that animals form bonds with their own kind in much the same way we do.
Animals such as cows and chickens have never been shown to plan for the future, according to my knowledge, which I think is our only measure in determining their perception of their potential future.
- that may be true, but thats most likely due to the lack of funding and interest, rather than a conclusion based upon extensive research. Regardless, how is it relevant that cows and chickens do or do not plan for the future?
Other animals have been shown to plan for the future through scientific tests, so we do have methods.
- please provide sources. What were the reasons for testing those animals and not others? Research costs a lot of money, and unless the research has some easily identifiable and practical human use, it is likely not to be conducted.
I treat lack of evidence as a good indicator of no evidence until evidence can be found.
- lack of what evidence? Animals are sentient and can feel pain and suffering. There is no debate about this. The difference between animal rights and god belief, is that abstaining from god belief will not result in any harm caused to anyone. Abstaining from veganism does have real world effects including climate change, pollution, environmental degradation, human health, and the negative effects on the lives of sentient beings. Your position reminds me of the attitude found a few hundred years ago when Europeans came to North America and began interacting with the native population. At that time, Europeans were not sure if Native Americans were actually human, and so if they presupposed they weren't human, they would therefore treat them different (poorly). If they accepted that in fact they were human, they would ultimately treat them better. When your actions (or inaction) have strong negative effects then its important to seriously consider how you proceed. Belief in god has no bases in reality, and your belief or disbelief has no real world effects. Your choice to eat animals or to go vegan does have real world effects.
Do you find the forum to be quiet and inactive?
- Do your part by engaging in new and old topics
- Don't wait for others to start NEW topics, post one yourself
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brimstoneSalad
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Re: Why Do You Eat Animals?

Post by brimstoneSalad »

GPC100s wrote: I tried to be vegan once before but I was in great pain during that time. The pain was kinda external but not the surface of my skin, like whenever I put pressure on my body (for example standing on my feet, even in my shoes).[...]
meat (even with less protein grams compared to my vegan/vegetarian trials) relieved my pains within a few days of intake so that's why I eat meat now.
This is one of a few possible things:

1. It's probably a coincidence. Have you tried quitting meat again since then?

If you do, and you experience the pain again, then it's less likely a coincidence.
How severe was the pain, and how long did it take to come about?

You may need to visit a doctor for a better diagnosis of the condition itself. Can you describe it more fully?
It could be due to inflammation, or hypersensitivity of nerves.

2. As TheVeganAtheist suggested, it may be due to something else in your diet.
As you said you were eating all of the same thing before, you were probably not eating all of the same amounts of those things.
You may have issues with one or more of the things you are eating (such as allergy issues), which only shows up when you eat quite a bit more of it than you usually do.

You need to control for those variables to determine what it might be.

If you give us more details about your diet, including all of the things you eat, and approximate amounts, we can help you figure out a better test to determine what the problem may be.

3. It's very unlikely, but it could be that your body has an inability to synthesize something which is in meat, but not in vegetables or dairy.
That list is very small, and would make you something of a medical anomaly. This is probably not the case.

If it turns out it's not 1 or 2, you should go to the doctor to get a blood test done before you experience the pain, and then later while you're experiencing the pain.
GPC100s wrote: It seems sensible to me to say that it was collagen production that my body was having trouble with, but I'm no nutritionist so I'm open to suggestions... Since collagen is created from lysine and proline (proteins) with vitamin C as a catalyst, I tried many vegan options including beans
Too many variables. If you think it's due to Lysine and Proline shortages, use them directly:

http://www.allstarhealth.com/f/source_n ... powder.htm
http://www.allstarhealth.com/f/now-l_ly ... powder.htm

Pure amino acid sources are not expensive today as supplements.

There is nothing useful in meat that isn't available as a supplement - and every single thing, in bulk, is cheaper than meat itself as a source.

I would only do that after:

A. You make sure it's not just a coincidence
B. You eliminate the possibility that it's an allergic food reaction to something you're eating more of than you can tolerate

We're talking less than $20 to test the hypothesis in a reliable way, though.

More exotic, there are some proteins which are not in plant matter, which human beings synthesize themselves. If you have a genetic condition and are unable to synthesize them, they could result in abnormal symptoms.

Some possibilities would be Taurine and Creatine. Normal people synthesize plenty of these. Cats can't synthesize Taurine. I'm not sure if there's any animal that can't synthesize creatine- but both are available in bulk.

http://www.allstarhealth.com/f/now-taurine_powder.htm
http://www.allstarhealth.com/f/now-crea ... ydrate.htm

Chemically, there's nothing metabolically significant in meat that you can't buy.

-I think all beings derive their morality from their perceptions. Vegans like to talk about sentience but I'm not gonna pretend to know what you guys mean by it; when I read the dictionary definition, it sounds like a synonym for perception.
We derive moral consideration from the ability of a being to want. If something can not want, then it's not possible to consider that lack of a want.
Want derives from rudimentary intelligence and sensory interactivity with the world- crudely, yes, perception.
-A being that cannot perceive pain, by definition, cannot care if I were to inflict pain upon them (or perform actions that would normally inflict pain such as pinching).
Correct. Such as plants, which are not sentient, or brain dead accident victims "vegetables". All they have are 'mindless' reflexes.
-A being that cannot perceive the existence of it's future, by definition, cannot care about it's future.
There is no such being that can perceive pain, but does not have any sense of future. Pain perception only has use because of a primitive sense of causality - "I did this, and that happens". THAT, by nature, is in the future.
Without being able to tie cause and effect together, and anticipate effects that follow causes, intelligence doesn't work, and fundamental aspects of expressed intelligence, like operant conditioning, are impossible.

Even very rudimentary animals (some kinds of worms) can do that.

There are some animals which may not be able to: Oysters, Jellyfish, Sponges.
You are welcome to eat these animals- you will find few people can construct a sound argument against it.
-The end of one's future is called death.
This doesn't have to do with anything. Killing a being which can want is wrong, because you have deprived it of something it innately wants- to continue to exist and do whatever it was it was trying to do.

It's a matter of opportunity cost.

A being wants to fulfill its wants, and if it would be able to do so (or might have been able to do so) had you not killed it, there is a loss there.

If a particular being's future was certain to be nothing but misery, with the inability to fulfill any of its wants, then that's called a mercy kill- the opportunity cost is negative.
-Death can occur without pain.
It can, but it does not.

This is a statistical matter. In no large scale farming operation do all of the animals die painlessly- I would argue that none of them die painlessly with current practices.
Even with perfect methodology, though, you will screw up sometimes.

Death can not reliably occur without pain, no matter your precautions. There's always a chance of pain, and because moral action is statistical in nature, it is immoral to risk subjecting another to pain (whether or not it actually happens)- the same reason it's immoral to drive drunk even if you got lucky and didn't kill anybody that time, or shoot a gun into a crowd even if you got lucky and didn't hit anybody that time.
-Animals such as cows and chickens have never been shown to plan for the future, according to my knowledge, which I think is our only measure in determining their perception of their potential future.
Firstly, that's just empirically wrong.

But more importantly, all animals with brains that can undergo operant conditioning are innately planning for the immediate future. So far, the use of operant conditioning has been very conclusively proven down to the level of insects.

Some animals plan out more distantly into the future than others.

If Bob plans only for tomorrow, and Sally makes a five year plan, is it OK for Sally to kill Bob, since he has a more limited plan of the future than she does?
-Other animals have been shown to plan for the future through scientific tests, so we do have methods.
What tests are you talking about?
With the exception of sessile organisms like sponges and Oysters, or very simple ones like Jellyfish, larger animals plan for the future to some degree. All chordates certainly do.

There is a question of exactly where the line of sentience is, but that question is hovering around small insects and worms- not around chickens and cows. There is no doubt that they are sentient and grasp the concepts of cause and effect.

Further, there is no doubt that they plan for the near future. The ability to simply walk and veer around obstacles proves this conclusively.
They see something they want across the yard. They plan to walk over and get it. They look at the yard, and note any obstacles. They plan out the route they will take to reach the destination.

Spiders do this stuff too. Portia can look at a complicated maze of sticks from a distance, analyze it by forming a 3d mental model, and figure out how to get to the prey, following the route perfectly (and realizing if it messes up along the way).

Sorry, but any scientist who thinks the question of some major threshold in cognition revolves around chickens and cows is an idiot.
-And finally, much like god claims, I treat lack of evidence as a good indicator of no evidence until evidence can be found.
That's not how morality works.

Look, there's a stroller in the road. I don't *see* a baby in it... well, it's in the way and I can't be bothered to stop and check, so I'll go ahead and run it over with my truck. There's no evidence of a baby in it from here (a position from which it's hard to tell), so that's evidence that there's not a baby in it!

No.

If there's a chance of something being sentient, a moral person gives it the benefit of the doubt.

We have proof positive that cows and chickens are sentient, but even if we didn't, the fact that they are substantially similar to organisms we have proof are sentient, and that they are closely related to those organisms (and closely related to us as well), would all point to the reasonable assumption that they are sentient.

In this case, the null hypothesis is that they ARE sentient. In this case, Occam's razor suggests they ARE sentient.
Just as a stroller, rather than a shoe box, points to the more reasonable chance of there being a baby in it.

If there was a shoe box in the road, we could reasonably expect it not to have a baby in it, because shoe boxes are not closely related to things babies are normally kept in. It's a much safer assumption in that case.

We aren't excused from doing harmful things just because we weren't 100% certain that they were harmful at the time.
Moral responsibility dictates a certain measure of caution.

If you agree with every bullet point, then our conclusion should be the same: it's not wrong to kill some animals. Otherwise feel free to tell me why I'm wrong.
It may not be wrong to kill some animals. Like, for example, sponges. Phylogenetically, you're something like five orders of magnitude off.
There's no question that it's wrong to kill chickens and cows. There's no question that it's wrong to kill chordates.

The issue is whether they're sentient.

Unless, as I mentioned, it's a mercy kill. I.E. under the same conditions WE would want to die, or that we'd euthanize a loved pet under.
Humane Hominid
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Re: Why Do You Eat Animals?

Post by Humane Hominid »

Here's just one example of chickens being empirically shown to demonstrate foresight, planning, deception, and even Machiavellian intelligence. http://www.thedarwinpapers.com/oldsite/ ... hought.htm

You'll find similar examples across numerous species in the many studies published in Animal Behavior and other journals of animal ethology.

It's factually incorrect to claim that nonhuman animals aren't sentient, don't possess significant intelligence, are incapable of anticipating the future, don't have emotions or personalities, etc. What's more, it shouldn't surprise anyone that they do; evolution predicts nothing less.

The burden of proof properly lies with those who deny animal sentience, not those who accept it. Perhaps ironically to some, vegans are defenders of the scientific consensus on this one.
Eat kind, be strong.
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